ARMORED COMBAT
ARMORED COMBAT IN THE KINGDOM OF ACRE
The fighters of Medieval Scenarios & Recreation's Kingdom of Acre re-enact the tournaments and battles of medieval times as a full-contact sport. The authentically designed armor is crafted of waxed and shaped 1/4-inch thick leather by M.S.R. armorers. Several members have fashioned body armor from sheet steel while others have "knitted" together rings of steel wire to create a fabric of chain mail to be worn over a quilted coat called a gambeson. This armor is not merely a costume but actual body protection.
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Helmets are constructed of 14 or 12 gauge steel lined with rubber or foam padding. Shields are made of sheet steel or wood and decorated with the individual's heraldic coat-of-arms.
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M.S.R. swords are made of rattan (a reasonably flexible wood similar to bamboo), wrapped in duct tape to give an appearance of steel and reduce the splintering on impact. Hilts of heavy rubber or steel to protect the hand complete the weapon. Although the medieval sword was primarily a cutting weapon, some fighters have attached a padded thrusting tip to safely deliver a point attack.
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The large two-handed or Great Swords are constructed in a similar fashion. The heads of maces, axes, halberds, spears and lances are made of rubber and foam padding wrapped in duct tape or leather and mounted on a rattan shaft. All weapons must be approved by the Constable or his Reeves.
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M.S.R. Men-at-arms must also formally "qualify" as safe in each of their particular choices of weapon form by proving that both their proficiency in the use of that weapon and their understanding of the rules of combat are sufficient to prevent them from becoming a safety hazard either to themselves or others on the field of battle.
The following are examples of actions which are considered unsafe and therefore banned:
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Striking an opponent in the knee or below
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Thrusting (unless the weapon is equipped with a well padded thrusting tip)
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Thrusting to the face under most circumstances (see Rules of the List)
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Ramming with the shield rim
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Rules of combat and armor construction will be explained during actual combat training. Under the supervision of marshals, fighting blows are "calibrated" such that, had the weapon been of edged steel, the impact would have penetrated the protective armor and, depending on the strength of the blow, would either wound, cripple, or kill the man inside. Acknowledging life and death in M.S.R. combat is primarily a matter of personal honor and fair play.
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Other aspects of combat in the Kingdom of Acre are: crown tourney, chivalry, religious military orders, and combat archery.
Combat Conventions
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All persons entering the list must sign a waiver of liability. Any combatant, who has not reached the age of majority in both his state of residence and in the state in which the combat takes place, must have his waiver signed by his parent or legal guardian.
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No one under the age of 16 may participate in combat.
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A member of the Marshalate must be present at all time during any fighting.
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The highest ranking member of the Marshalate present is considered the supervising Marshal and has complete authority over the list.
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All combatants must follow the directions of the supervising Marshal without question. No arguing or showing of temper will be tolerated on the field. Appeals must be made off the field.
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All combatants in a Tournament must be qualified in the weapon form that they are using.
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A blow to “kill” or “Cripple” must strike with such force that if the weapon were of steel it would penetrate the armor and/or break the bones beneath the armor.
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A blow of sufficient force to an arm or leg is considered crippling to that appendage and may no longer be used by the combatant.
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A combatant, who looses the use of a leg, may hop on the other leg so long as the cripple leg is in no way used for balance. If it is used once, the combatant may no longer hop and must remain kneeling.
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The following are illegal target areas:
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The hands, beginning two inches above the wrist,
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The knees and lower legs, beginning two inches above the knees.
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Further the neck and groin are not legal targets, although blows accidently struck there are considered “kills.”
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Thrusts to the face are permitted, but with a minimum of force.
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When a “hold” is called, all combat ceases. In a melee, all combatants are to drop to their knees when a “hold” is called. Blows in progress when a “hold” is called are valid.
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No combatant may strike an unarmed or otherwise helpless victim. An opponent must be able to defend himself or retreat. Any combatant attacking a defenseless opponent will forfeit the bout at the Marshal’s discretion.
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No one may be struck from behind, except as allowed in particular melee situations.
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No combatant may deliberately attempt to knock his opponent down.
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If a weapon breaks or is dropped in the delivery of a blow, that blow is invalid regardless of its force.
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Auxiliary weapons may be carried in such a way that they do not interfere with blows to the combatant. If an auxiliary weapon is struck while being worn it is considered broken and is to be discarded as soon as possible. It is permitted to carry up to two auxiliary weapons.
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The Marshal will warn a combatant who drops his weapon twice during the course of a bout, or who falls down twice without being pushed, that if this occurs again he/she will forfeit the bout.
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Blows struck with the flat of the blade or the shaft of a weapon, are not valid.
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Any combatant, whose helm comes off, either partially or fully, or whose visor pops up, may be declared dead by the Marshal.
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No combatant shall block with his hands. Any blow blocked with an empty hand shall be declared crippled in that arm. If the arm was already crippled, the blow will be considered a “kill.”
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Grappling with an opponent, such as grabbing or pinning any part of the body, is forbidden. Only non-edged portions of a weapon may be grabbed or trapped. When the edge of a weapon is trapped or grabbed by an unarmored hand or arm and the opponent draws out the weapon without being released, that arm is considered crippled.
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A combatant, whose weapons and/or shield are trapped, is not considered helpless unless he is lying prone on the ground or his/her opponent is out of his/her field of vision.
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A combatant may only strike an opponent if he/she is within that opponent’s field of vision. If an opponent fails to keep within his field of vision while you are within weapon range, either by turning away from you or failing to follow your movement, you may strike him once as this is occurring.
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A combatant who is out of his opponent’s field of vision (and, therefore, not allowed to strike him) may still foul his opponent’s weapon or shield.
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In a melee, when there are two unbroken lines of opponents, all combatants in both lines are considered to be engaged and may be struck, unless one line completely wraps around the other.
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When attempting to push through a line, the combatant’s shield may not be swung or used as a weapon, and the handle of any sword or one-handed weapon may not be used to push or punch.
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A combatant, who pushes through a line or who intentionally puts himself in the midst of the opponents is open to attack from all directions pursuant to rule numbers 22 and 23, until he removes himself or “dies.”
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The Marshalate may ban weapons as unsafe. Appeals may be made to the Constable or Crown.
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Armor is defined in terms of what the combatant is actually wearing. A blow to an unarmored area, regardless of the force of the said blow, is valid and should be accepted as such. Armor is distinguished from simple protection such as padded sports protectors.
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A blow striking after bouncing off a shield is still valid if it still lands with sufficient force.
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Judgment of the effect of any blow is left to the honesty of a combatant, unless the Marshalate present is willing to accept the responsibility. In this case, any decision by the Marshalate is binding and considered final.
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If a weapon is dropped or broken, a “hold” will be immediately called, and the weapon replaced, except in a melee. "No hold” will be called for a dropped weapon during a melee if the combatant is carrying a shield or buckler.
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Combatants slain in a melee are required to fall under their shields or in a defensive manner (on their sides in a fetal position with either shield or weapon over them), and are not to remove themselves from the list until told to do so by a Marshal.